Intravitreal Injections

Overview

The most common ophthalmic procedure worldwide. Involves injecting a therapeutic agent directly into the vitreous cavity through the pars plana. The primary delivery method for anti-VEGF agents, intravitreal steroids, and antibiotics.

Mechanism / How It Works

• Details to be added from dedicated source — technique, site (3.5–4 mm from limbus), preparation, complications (endophthalmitis, retinal detachment, vitreous hemorrhage, IOP spike)

In the RAM Context

From the RAM source: bevacizumab and ranibizumab delivered via intravitreal injection show promise for RAM-associated macular edema (Pichi et al., 38 eyes with reduction in edema and hard exudates).

Indications & Contraindications

• To be expanded — anti-VEGF for wet AMD/DME/RVO, steroids, antibiotics for endophthalmitis

Related

• bevacizumab / ranibizumab — delivered via this route
• retinal-arterial-macroaneurysm — emerging treatment
• pneumatic-displacement — gas injection is a variant

Sources

• macroaneurysm-eyewiki (mentioned as delivery route for anti-VEGF in RAM)

Gap: Needs comprehensive source on technique, safety, complications, and the full range of agents delivered intravitreally.